Stanislaw Sterkowicz1, Grzegorz Lech1, Wiesław Chwała2, Katarzyna Sterkowicz-Przybycień3, Tadeusz Ambroży3, Tomasz Palka4
1Department of Theory of Sport and Kinesiology, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
2Department of Biomechanics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
3Department of Gymnastics and Dance, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland
Abstract
Background and Study Aim. The review of the studies that have examined fitness preparation of judokas shows that both dynamic and static strength testing protocols have been in use in judo. Therefore, it can be assumed that strength is an important component of athletes? motor preparation. The principal aim of the present study was to find proportions between relative muscle torques at each stage of athletes? development.
Material and Methods. The examinations involved e.g. biometric measurements (BH ? body height,BM ? body mass) and evaluation of body composition (LBM ? lean body mass, FM ? fat mass, PF ? percentage fat content [12]. Body height was measured with Martin type anthropometer.
Results. The authors found that the ratios of relative muscle torques that define the position of the elbow, arm and trunk joints correlated with age of the judokas. We also observed a specificity of the judo fight and demonstrated the differences in the level of the indices of activity and effectiveness of attack depending on the age category. Ratios of the muscle torques measured under static conditions correlated with the indices of the course of the fight to different extent and they were in correlation with the age category. The level of achievement in judo tournaments in junior and cadet categories correlated mainly with the ratio of muscle torques in knee extensors to flexors. Lean body mass was calculated by deducting fat mass.
Conclusions. The obtained information might help coaches modify strength training regimes in cadet judokas in order to match model levels of ratios of relative muscle torques observed in seniors under static conditions. Biomechanical characteristics of professional athletes might be of importance to both coaches and scientists in the field of robotics.
Keywords: age ? kinesiology ? torque ? martial arts
Published online: 17 September 2015
Copyright: ? 2015 the Authors. Published by Archives of Budo
Contributors: Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Grzegorz Lech, Wiesław Chwała conceived the study design. Grzegorz Lech, Wiesław Chwała, Tadeusz Ambroży collected the data. Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Grzegorz Lech, Wiesław Chwała, Katarzyna Sterkowicz-Przybycień, Tomasz Palka analysed the data. Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Grzegorz Lech, Wiesław Chwała, Katarzyna Sterkowicz-Przybycień, Tadeusz Ambroży, Tomasz Palka prepared the manuscript. Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Grzegorz Lech, Wiesław Chwała, Katarzyna Sterkowicz-Przybycień, Tadeusz Ambroży, Tomasz Palka secured the funding.
Funding: Departmental sources
Conflict of interest: Authors have declared that no competing interest exists
Ethical approval: routine non-interventional research carried out in the control of the effects of sports training
Provenance and peer review: Under responsibility of HMA Congress
Corresponding author: Stanislaw Sterkowicz, Department of Theory of Sport and Kinesiology, Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Al. Jana Pawla II 78, 31-571 Cracow, e-mail: stanislaw.sterkowicz[at]awf.krakow.pl
Open Access License: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license