Jarosław Klimczak1, Leon Andrzej Krzemieniecki2, Dariusz Mosler3,4, Artur Kalina5, Bartłomiej Jan Barczyński6,7
1Faulty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
2Wroclaw School of Applied Informatics ?Horyzont?, Poland
3Institute of Rural Health, Lublin, Poland
4CALMFIT Dariusz Mosler, Poland
5Plus-Rehabilitation Services. Ltd, USA
6Archives of Budo, Poland
74 MEDICINE REK LLP, Poland
Abstract
Introduction. The term bibliotherapy has appeared for the first time in Atlantic Month journal in 1916 and was defined in Oxford English Dictionary in 1920. In 1923, American Library Association (ALA) published the first in the world instruction about selection of book collections for patients [1]. From 1966 ALA has accepted, that bibliotherapy is an usage of selected reading materials as a therapeutic support in medicine and psychiatry, and also guidance in solving personal issues through dedicated reading [2]. Bibliotherapy is a form of mental support and has application in psychotherapy. The objective of this work is an argumentation justifying the creation of support?s patterns for people susceptible of learning aggressive behaviour (preventive aspect) and for people with diagnosed aggressiveness (therapy aspect).
The objectives of bibliotherapy. The objectives of bibliotherapy are mostly connected with RJ Rubin?s division [3] for three categories:
institutional, clinical and developmental. The main objective of institutional bibliotherapy is an application of didactic literature and an assurance of appropriate recreation. The objective of clinical bibliotherapy is a treatment of disorders and developmental bibliotherapy is focused on correction of an attitude, compensation and self-fulfillment.
Recipient ? theory ? practice. There are at least six target groups for bibliotherapy: ill persons, impaired persons, antisocial persons, students of various types of schools, parents and teachers, adults above 60 years old [1]. Theory and practice of bibliotherapy include following spheres of human: mental, intellectual, social and emotional. Because of its wide influence on human, it could be helpful in modification of his behaviour. These are important aspects connected with quality of life, fulfillment of needs (including personal and loved ones safety in view of escalation of violence and aggression), personal identity and creative attitude. Methodology of bibliotherapy is based on literary, psychological and increasing influence of praxeological principles. In the area of interest primal specific means of influence on reader such as text, plot and characters remain unchanged.
Clinical effects. Results of clinical studies from last 15 years has given us evidences of high effectiveness of bibliotherapy in various kinds
of mental disorders [4-11] (Table 1).
Perspectives Interdisciplinary of bibliotherapy (culture therapy) and its broad connections with medicine, psychiatry, pedagogy, mass culture etc., paradoxically could be one of the most effective means of catharsis for a men stunned by electronic media that shows virtual and real destructive fights, neo-gladiators games and aggressive competition in many sports [12-14]. Meanwhile mass (global) education did not provide knowledge and there is lack of development of skills necessary to opposing effectively those highly destructive actions for human personality. Elaborated methodology of bibliotherapy can be a foundation of general principles of counteraction in this difficult situation, where main means of acquiring knowledge of this phenomena are description of struggle of characters in belles-lettres, didactic and scientific literature. Some people may find interest in exploration of knowledge about struggle in literary descriptions about foiling an alien invasion, and others ? in studying scientific papers from the field of agonology (science of strugle [15,16]) or science of martial arts [17].
Keywords: agonology ? clinical studies ? theory and practice of bibliotherapy
Published online: 17 September 2015
Copyright: ? 2015 the Authors. Published by Archives of Budo
Contributors: Jarosław Klimczak, Leon Andrzej Krzemieniecki conceived the study design. Jarosław Klimczak, Leon Andrzej Krzemieniecki, Dariusz Mosler, Artur Kalina collected the data. Bartłomiej Gąsienica Walczak, Artur Kalina analysed the data. Jarosław Klimczak, Leon Andrzej Krzemieniecki, Dariusz Mosler, Artur Kalina, Bartłomiej Jan Barczyński prepared the manuscript. Jarosław Klimczak, Leon Andrzej Krzemieniecki, Dariusz Mosler, Artur Kalina, Bartłomiej Jan Barczyński secured the funding.
Funding: Departmental sources
Conflict of interest: Authors have declared that no competing interest exists
Ethical approval: Not required
Provenance and peer review: Under responsibility of HMA Congress
Corresponding author: Jarosław Klimczak, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Tourism and Recreation, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; e-mail: klimczakwmrot[at]op.pl
Open Access License: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license